Driving factor | Responses | Mean ± SE | Distribution of responses (%) |
Elephant over-population | 11 | 7.55 ± 0.81 | Low: 9.1% Medium: 45.4% High: 45.5% |
Unemployment and poverty | 36 | 7.53 ± 0.33 | Low: 5.6% Medium: 33.3% High: 61.1% |
Human encroachment on elephant habitat | 24 | 7.58 ± 0.54 | Low: 8.3% Medium: 33.4% High: 58.3% |
Drought and climate change | 44 | 6.80 ± 0.37 | Low: 11.4% Medium: 43.1% High: 45.5% |
Increasing human population | 15 | 7.67 ± 0.43 | Low: 0% Medium: 33.3% High: 66.7% |
Lucrative black market for ivory | 29 | 6.07 ± 0.59 | Low: 24.1% Medium: 34.5% High: 41.4% |
Blocking of elephant immigration routes | 9 | 6.56 ± 0.87 | Low: 11.1% Medium: 44.5% High: 44.4% |
Lack of economic incentives to people and poor policies | 27 | 8.19 ± 0.39 | Low: 7.4% Medium: 7.4% High: 85.2% |
Habituation of elephants to humans and farms | 13 | 7.85 ± 0.45 | Low: 0% Medium: 53.8% High: 46.2% |